Like all other Gyms in Paldea, the Alfornada Gym building itself is simply used for registering Gym challengers. The Gym Test takes place in a square field just east of the Gym, and the Gym battle takes place at the observatory to the left of the Gym.
Nemona will challenge the player to a battle here if it is the third, fifth, or seventh Gym the player challenges. In case of the encounters at the third and seventh Gyms, the battle will take place before the Gym Test, while with the encounter at the fifth Gym, it'll take place after the Gym battle.
Gym Test
The Alfornada Gym Test has the player complete the Emotional Spectrum Practice, an exercise regimen created by Tulip. This is accomplished by copying Dendra's instructions and pressing a button that causes the player and their lead Pokémon to assume the correct kind of expression. The regimen has two halves, each of which is followed by a battle against a Gym Trainer.