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{{merge|Damage}}
'''Damage''' is the name for the affliction caused when a [[Pokémon]] uses an offensive [[move]] against the foe. It cuts down the foe's {{stat|Hit Points}} by varying amounts.
'''Damage modification''' is a system of multipliers used to change the [[damage]] dealt in a {{pkmn|battle}}. These modifiers affect how the damage is calculated by multiplying the move's [[base power]] in various ways. These modifiers range from doubling to halving and even negating the damage done.


==Type effectiveness==
==Damage modification==
Since each move has a [[type]], its ''effectiveness'' is largely determined by the targeted Pokémon's type. Moves can have regular effectiveness or be super effective, not very effective, or not effective at all. The effectiveness of types against one another has varied among generations, see [[Type chart (Generation I)|this page]] for its [[Generation I]] iteration and [[Type chart (Generation II-present)|this page]] for the current model.
{{main|Damage modification}}
The damage that a move does varies heavily by the stats of the Pokémon as well as by certain items.


===Super effective===
Stats can be adjusted using in-battle stat enhancers, such as {{DL|Battle item|X Attack}} and {{DL|Battle item|X Defend}}, or moves, such as {{m|Swords Dance}} or {{m|Acid Armor}}.
{{redirect|"Super effective"|the webcomic|Super Effective (webcomic)}}
{{redirect|"It's super effective"|the podcast|It's Super Effective (podcast)}}
{{redirect|"Weakness"|the TCG mechanic|Glossary_(TCG)#Weakness|Glossary (TCG) → Weakness}}
When a move is '''super effective''', it inflicts double the damage it would normally do. For example, a move like {{m|Megahorn}} used against a {{type|Psychic}} Pokémon will be super effective because {{type|Bug}} moves are super effective against Psychic-types. This effect can stack up; for example, a Pokémon that is {{t|Rock}}/{{t|Ground}} and is hit by a {{type|Water}} move like {{m|Surf}} will be damaged four times as much by the move as a {{type|Normal}} Pokémon would be, because both Rock and Ground Pokémon are weak to Water moves.


===Not very effective===
The [[type]] of an attack can also be a factor. Certain types of attacks are either "super effective" or "not very effective" against a Pokémon of another type. A full table of these effectiveness variables is given in the [[type chart]].
{{redirect|"Resistance"|the TCG mechanic|Glossary (TCG)#Resistance|Glossary (TCG) → Resistance}}
When a move is '''not very effective''', or resistant, it deals half of the damage it would normally do. This works exactly like super effective moves, and can stack up. For example, a {{t|Steel}}/{{t|Rock}} Pokémon will be damaged by a quarter of the amount by a {{type|Normal}} move. Likewise, a {{t|Normal}}/{{t|Flying}} Pokémon hit by a {{type|Fighting}} move will be damaged normally, as Normal's weakness to Fighting is canceled out by Flying's resistance to it.


===Not effective===
Many [[held item]]s and [[berry|Berries]] can increase or decrease damage inflicted. For example, the {{DL|Type-enhancing item|NeverMeltIce}} will boost {{type|Ice}} moves by 20% in [[Generation III]] onward, but only by 10% in [[Generation II]].
When a move is '''not effective''', it does not damage the Pokémon at all and that Pokémon is "immune" to all attacks of that type; the move will yield a message of "It '''does''' not affect the Pokémon", phrased in the present tense (whereas a move that simply missed yields "It '''did''' not affect the Pokémon", past tense). Certain types are also immune to specific [[status move]]s, such as {{type|Ground}} Pokémon being immune to the {{type|Electric}} {{m|Thunder Wave}}, or {{type|Grass}} Pokémon being immune to {{m|Leech Seed}}.


==Critical hit==
Some moves, such as {{m|Grass Knot}} or {{m|Night Shade}}, depend on other factors. There are also [[One-hit knockout move|one-hit KO moves]] like {{m|Sheer Cold}} that will do the maximum amount of damage and knock the opponent out in one hit.
{{redirect|"Critical hit"|the video podcast|It's Super Effective (podcast)#Other podcasts}}
A move will sometimes inflict a '''critical hit''' against another Pokémon. This will double the damage done after type effectiveness calculations occur, or triple it if the Pokémon has the {{a|Sniper}} Ability.
 
===Generation I===
{{incomplete|section}}
Critical hits ignore stat modifiers, even if beneficial to the attacker. In this generation only, the probability of landing a critical hit is based on a Pokémon's base Speed.
Specifically, for a normal move such as {{m|Tackle}}, the probability of landing a critical hit is:
 
<code>Base Speed / 512</code>
 
For example, {{p|Clefable}}, with a base Speed of 60, has roughly a 11.7% chance of landing a critical hit on a normal move.
For moves with a high critical hit ratio such as {{m|Slash}}, the probability of landing a critical hit is:
 
<code>Base Speed / 64</code>
 
For example, {{p|Clefable}}, with a base Speed of 60, has roughly a 93.8% chance of landing a critical hit on a move with a high critical hit ratio.
 
If the result of the second formula equals or exceeds 100% (for Pokémon with a base Speed of 64 or higher), then the result is rounded down to 255/256 or about 99.6%.
 
{{m|Focus Energy}} and {{DL|Battle item|Dire Hit}} were intended to quadruple the critical hit rate, but due to a glitch, they instead have no effect if the user is faster than the opponent, or prevent the user from getting a critical hit (0/511 chance) if the user is slower than the opponent. This was fixed in {{g|Stadium}}.
 
In Pokémon Stadium only, the probability of landing a critical hit with a move that does not have a high critical hit rate after using Focus Energy or a Dire Hit is:
 
<code>Base Speed / 128</code>
 
===Generation II onwards===
Starting in [[Generation II]], the chance of a critical hit is no longer based on the Pokémon's speed, but rather the chance is the same for each Pokémon. Similar to [[stats]], there are temporary in-battle stages used to calculate the probability a particular move will be a critical hit. The stages are as follows:
 
{| border="1" style="border: 1px solid #88a; border-collapse: collapse;" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="2"
|- style="background: #ccf;"
! Stage
! Percentage of critical hit
|-
|1
|6.25%
|-
|2
|12.5%
|-
|3
|25%
|-
|4
|33.3%
|-
|5
|50%
|}
 
An attacking move will always start out in stage 1. There are several ways to increase a move's stage (and therefore, chance that it will be a critical hit), as detailed in the table below.
 
{| border="1" style="border: 1px solid #88a; border-collapse: collapse;" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="2"
|- style="background: #ccf;"
! II
! III
! IV
! V
! Way
|-
| +2
| +2
| +1
| +1
|Using a {{Cat|Moves with a high critical-hit ratio|move with a high critical-hit ratio}}
|-
| +1
| +1
| +1
| +1
|Holding a {{DL|In-battle effect item|Scope Lens}}
|-
|
|
| +1
| +1
|Holding a {{DL|Evolution-inducing held item|Razor Claw}}
|-
| +2
| +2
| +2
| +2
|Holding a {{DL|Stat-enhancing item|Stick}} (if the Pokémon is {{p|Farfetch'd}})
|-
| +2
| +2
| +2
| +2
|Holding a [[Lucky Punch]] (if the Pokémon is {{p|Chansey}})
|-
|
|
| +1
| +1
|Having {{a|Super Luck}} as its Ability
|-
| +1
| +1
| +2
| +2
|Being under the effect of {{m|Focus Energy}}
|-
|
| +1
| +1
| +1
|Consuming a [[Lansat Berry]] (or being {{m|Baton Pass|passed}} its effect)
|-
| +1
| +1
| +1
| +1
|Using {{DL|Battle item|Dire Hit}} on it
|-
|
|
|
| +2
|Using {{DL|Battle item|Dire Hit 2}} on it ([[Wonder Launcher]] only)
|-
|
|
|
| +3
|Using {{DL|Battle item|Dire Hit 3}} on it (Wonder Launcher only)
|}
 
Even if enough additions are obtained, there is no way for a move to be in a stage higher than 5; if the sum is greater, it will still only have a 50% chance of landing in a critical hit. The effects of {{m|Focus Energy}}, the [[Lansat Berry]], and the several versions of {{DL|Battle item|Dire Hit}} cannot stack with themselves or each other. Additionally, if the move used is {{m|Storm Throw}} or {{m|Frost Breath}}, it will always result in a critical hit. On the other hand, if the target Pokémon has the Ability {{a|Battle Armor}} or {{a|Shell Armor}}, or is under the effect of {{m|Lucky Chant}}, a move will never be a critical hit, no matter the stage.
 
When a move scores a critical hit, damage is calculated based on either the modified or unmodified attack and defense stats, whichever is more advantageous to the attacker. For example, an attacker who has used {{m|Swords Dance}} and then makes a critical hit will get the benefit of the increased Attack, while one affected by {{m|Charm}} will use its normal Attack score. Another example would be if a team had {{m|Light Screen}} or {{m|Reflect}} on it and the attacker scored a critical on the team with the certain wall; the defense added by the wall would then be ignored, and the attacker would do double damage. However, it does not ignore modifiers caused by items or Abilities such as {{DL|In-battle effect item|Eviolite}}, {{a|Defeatist}}, or {{a|Slow Start}}. Neither does a critical ignore the attack reduction caused by a [[Burn]].
 
==Same-type attack bonus==
{{main|Same-type attack bonus}}
A move used by a Pokémon that is of the same type as the move itself will do 150% of its normal damage, such as a {{type|Fire}} move used by a Fire-type Pokémon. Dual-typed Pokémon will receive this bonus for both of their types, and a Pokémon whose type can change in-battle will receive the bonus for whatever type they are when they make the move. Pokémon with {{a|Adaptability}} have this increased to 200% (an effective boost of ~33.3%).
 
==Weather==
{{main|Weather conditions}}
{{type|Water}} and {{type|Fire}} moves' damage will be modified by rain and sunshine. If {{m|Rain Dance}} causes a downpour, Water-type moves will do 50% more damage and Fire-type moves will do 50% less damage. If {{m|Sunny Day}} causes harsh sunlight, Fire-type moves will do 50% more damage and Water-type moves will do 50% less damage.
 
==Abilities==
{{main|Ability}}
Abilities come in a wide variety, and have various effects on damage modification. These affects range from increasing and decreasing the power of moves of a specific [[type]], granting immunities, and even changing the power of moves affected by other damage modifiers. These Abilities include:
 
* {{a|Blaze}}, {{a|Overgrow}}, {{a|Torrent}} and {{a|Swarm}} increase the power of {{type|Fire}}, {{type|Grass}}, {{type|Water}} and {{type|Bug}} moves respectively by 50% when the user's HP falls below 33%.
* {{a|Guts}} will double the user's Attack if inflicted with a [[Burn]], [[Paralysis]], or [[Poison]].
* {{a|Thick Fat}} decreases the damage dealt to the user by opponents' Fire-type and Ice-type moves by 50%. {{a|Heatproof}} decreases the damage dealt to the user by opponents' Fire-type moves by 50%.
* {{a|Levitate}} provides immunity to {{type|Ground}} moves and {{a|Soundproof}} provides immunity to {{Cat|sound moves}}.
* {{a|Volt Absorb}} and {{a|Water Absorb}} grant immunity to {{type|Electric}} and {{type|Water}} moves respectively, healing the user's HP by 25% instead.
* {{a|Dry Skin}} works in part like Water Absorb, healing the user when hit with a {{type|Water}} move, but it also heals the user by 6.25% each turn during [[Weather conditions#Heavy rain|rain]]. However, it also causes the Pokémon to receive additional damage from {{type|Fire}} attacks and lose 6.25% of its HP in damage during {{weather|sun}}shine.
* {{a|Flash Fire}} negates the effect of opponents' Fire-type moves and instead increases the power of the ability's user's own Fire-type attacks. Similarly, {{a|Motor Drive}} negates the effect of opponents' Electric-type moves and instead increases the user's Speed by one stage. These abilities include [[status move]]s like {{m|Will-O-Wisp}} and {{m|Thunder Wave}}.
* {{a|Mold Breaker}}, {{a|Teravolt}}, and {{a|Turboblaze}} remove all ability-based immunities to the user's moves.
* {{a|Scrappy}} allows the user to hit {{type|Ghost}}s with {{type|Normal}} and {{type|Fighting}} damage-dealing moves.
* {{a|Drizzle}}, {{a|Drought}}, {{a|Sand Stream}} and {{a|Snow Warning}} cause permanent rain, sunshine, sandstorm, and hail respectively.
* {{a|Adaptability}} increases the STAB multiplier for moves of the same type as the user from 1.5× to 2×.
* {{a|Hustle}} boosts the Attack stat of the user by 50%.
* {{a|Pure Power}} and {{a|Huge Power}} both double the user's Attack stat.
* {{a|Technician}} increases the power of the user's moves with base power 60 or less by 50%.
* {{a|Super Luck}} increases the user's critical hit ratio.
* {{a|Battle Armor}} and {{a|Shell Armor}} prevent critical hits being dealt to the user.
* {{a|Sniper}} increases the critical hit damage multiplier from 2× to 3×.
* {{a|Tinted Lens}} doubles the power of the user's moves that are not very effective.
* {{a|Solid Rock}} and {{a|Filter}} each reduce the power of super effective moves on the user by 25%.
* {{a|Wonder Guard}} gives the user immunity to all attacking moves that are not super effective.
* The moves {{m|Storm Throw}} and {{m|Frost Breath}} can cancel out the 50% damage if used on certain types due to the moves always resulting in a critical hit, and can cause 4×, 6× or 12× multipliers if used on other types.
 
==Items==
:''See also: [[Type-enhancing item]]''
Some [[held item]]s increase the power of an attack by a small percentage. Most of these items boost attacks [[type-enhancing item|only of a certain type]] by 20%. Some [[stat-enhancing item|items]] can also modify damage by boosting the attacker's offensive stats or the victim's defensive stats. Some [[Berry#Generation IV|berries]] also weaken an opponent's super effective move.
 
Other held items that modify damage include:
* {{DL|In-battle effect item|Muscle Band}} boosts [[physical move]]s by 10%
* {{DL|In-battle effect item|Wise Glasses}} boost [[special move]]s by 10%
* {{DL|In-battle effect item|Expert Belt}} boosts super-effective attacks by 20%
* {{DL|In-battle effect item|Life Orb}} boosts the power of all attacks by 30% (at a cost of 10% HP per damaging move used)
* {{DL|In-battle effect item|Metronome}} boosts the power of moves used repeatedly
 
==Other==
A number of other variables can affect the amount of damage caused by an attack.
 
* If the attacker is {{status|burned}} and their Ability is not {{a|Guts}}, their [[physical move|physical damage]] will be decreased by half.
* In a [[Double Battle]], moves that hit multiple targets do 75% of the damage they do in one-on-one battles.
* {{m|Reflect}} and {{m|Light Screen}} decrease opponents' physical and special attacks, respectively, by 50% in a one-on-one battle and 33% in a Double Battle.
 
===Randomization adjustment===
Every time a regular attack is executed, the actual damage caused is adjusted by a random multiplier - an integer percentage between 85% and 100%.
 
In [[Generation]]s {{gen|I}} and {{gen|II}}, the random modifier does not have uniform probability for all percentages between 85 and 100. This is because the computer will generate a random number from 217 to 255 (217 is about 85.09% of 255), multiply it by 100, and then divide it by 255, to get the random number from 85 to 100 that the computer will divide by 100 to get the final adjustment.
 
As a result, the odd numbers from 85 to 89 and the even numbers from 90 to 98 have a 7.69% (3 in 39) probability of being chosen, while the even numbers from 86 to 88 and the odd numbers from 91 to 99 have a 5.13% (2 in 39) probability of being chosen. The number 100, the least probable number, has a mere 2.56% (1 in 39) chance of being chosen.
 
In all subsequent games, the random adjustment is determined by generating a 4 bit number (0 through 15). The computer then subtracts it from 100, and then divides the result by 100 to get the final adjustment. This results in the same integer percentage between 85% and 100%, with an even distribution of occurrence.
 
==Damage formula==
The damage dealt when a Pokémon uses a damaging move depends on its Attack or Special Attack [[Stats|stat]], the opponent's corresponding Defense or Special Defense stat, and the move's base damage. In addition, the various circumstances explained above will also affect the damage dealt.
 
The damage formula is the following:
 
<!-- That above text is invalid as of June 26, 2010. The new formula text is as below:
<math>
Damage = \left ( \frac{2 \times Level + 10}{250} \times \frac{Attack}{Defense} + 2 \right ) \times Modifier
\\
Modifier = STAB \times Type \times other \times (rand \in [0.85, 1.00])
</math>
-->
[[File:DamageCalc.png]]
 
* ''Level'' is the level of the attacking Pokémon.
* ''Attack'' and ''Defense'' are the working Attack and Defense stats of the attacking and defending Pokémon, respectively. If the attack is Special, the Special Attack and Special Defense stats are used instead. Some moves, eg. {{m|Psystrike}} use other stat than usually move of this category would use (in case of Psystrike, it uses Special Attack and Defense).
* ''Base'' is the base damage of the attack.
* ''Modifier'' is calculated as follows:
 
[[File:ModifierCalc.png]]
 
* ''STAB'' is the [[same-type attack bonus]]. This is equal to 1.5 if the attack is of the same type as the user, and 1 if otherwise.
* ''Type'' is the type effectiveness. This can be either 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 depending on the type of attack and the type of the defending Pokémon.
* ''Critical'' is 2 for a critical hit, 1 otherwise. For Pokémon with {{a|Sniper}}, it is 3 for a critical hit.
* ''other'' counts for things like held items, field advantages, and whether the battle is a [[Double Battle]] or [[Triple Battle]] or not.
* ''rand'' is a random number from 0.85 to 1.00.
 
The result is rounded down as remainders are not kept. It is possible to do zero damage [http://www.youtube.com/watch?&v=qPPTz0sDZzU].
 
=====Example=====
Imagine a [[level]] 75 {{p|Glaceon}} that has the following [[stats]]:
 
''HP:'' 201<br>
''Attack:'' 123<br>
''Defense:'' 181
 
It uses the move {{m|Ice Fang}} ({{t|Ice}}, physical, base damage 65) against a level 78 {{p|Garchomp}}:
 
''HP:'' 270<br>
''Attack:'' 210<br>
''Defense:'' 163
 
Garchomp is {{t|Dragon}}/{{t|Ground}}, so it has a double weakness to {{t|Ice}}. Thus, ''Type'' = 4. Additionally, Glaceon, being an Ice-type, receives [[Same-type attack bonus|STAB]], so ''STAB'' = 1.5.
 
[[File:ModifierCalcExample.png]]
 
We then plug ''Modifier'' into the rest of the formula:
 
[[File:DamageCalcExample1.png]]
:[[File:DamageCalcExample2.png]]
 
So depending on luck, {{p|Glaceon}} will do damage in the range 170-200 HP. Despite {{p|Garchomp}}'s double weakness to {{t|Ice}}, Glaceon's {{m|Ice Fang}} will not defeat it in a single hit.
 
Garchomp is up next. Garchomp gets a critical hit (''Critical'' = 2) on Earthquake, a physical {{t|Ground}} move with 100 base damage. With its Ice type, Glaceon is neither weak nor resistant to Garchomp's attack, so ''Type'' = 1. Garchomp is Dragon/'''Ground''', so it receives STAB, making ''STAB'' = 1.5. Say that Garchomp is also holding an Earth Plate, which powers up Ground-type moves by 20%. Then ''Other'' = 1.2.
 
[[File:ModifierCalcExample2.png]]
 
We insert the stats and ''Modifier'' in the formula and get:
 
[[File:DamageCalcExample3.png]]
:[[File:DamageCalcExample4.png]]
 
We see that Garchomp's attack will do anywhere from 241 to 284 damage, which is more than enough to take the Glaceon out in one hit.


==Links==
==Links==
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{{Project Games notice|game mechanic}}
{{Project Games notice|game mechanic}}
[[Category:Game mechanics]]
[[Category:Game mechanics]]


[[it:Modifica al danno]]
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Revision as of 11:53, 4 June 2012

Damage is the name for the affliction caused when a Pokémon uses an offensive move against the foe. It cuts down the foe's Hit Points by varying amounts.

Damage modification

Main article: Damage modification

The damage that a move does varies heavily by the stats of the Pokémon as well as by certain items.

Stats can be adjusted using in-battle stat enhancers, such as X Attack and X Defend, or moves, such as Swords Dance or Acid Armor.

The type of an attack can also be a factor. Certain types of attacks are either "super effective" or "not very effective" against a Pokémon of another type. A full table of these effectiveness variables is given in the type chart.

Many held items and Berries can increase or decrease damage inflicted. For example, the NeverMeltIce will boost Ice-type moves by 20% in Generation III onward, but only by 10% in Generation II.

Some moves, such as Grass Knot or Night Shade, depend on other factors. There are also one-hit KO moves like Sheer Cold that will do the maximum amount of damage and knock the opponent out in one hit.

Links

Project Games logo.png This game mechanic article is part of Project Games, a Bulbapedia project that aims to write comprehensive articles on the Pokémon games.
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