Type-enhancing item: Difference between revisions

A type-enhancing item, when held, enhances the power of attacks with the corresponding type. As of Generation IV, these items boost attacks by 20%; in previous generations, they only boost attacks by 10%.

If any of these items are sold, Poké Marts will pay $50 for them, with the exception of Charcoal, which fetches $4,900 in Poké Marts.

In Johto, several of these items can be obtained from the Week Siblings.

List of type-enhancing items

Black Belt くろおび Black Obi   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Fighting-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC Wesley at the Lake of RageWe RSE Held by Black Belt Nob's Machamp (after fifth battle) FRLG Held by Crush Kin Ron & Mya's Pokémon Colo Held by Shadow Hitmontop XD Held by Shadow Hitmonlee DPPt Route 221 HGSS Wesley at the Lake of RageWe BW Challenger's Cave, held by wild Sawk and wild Throh B2W2 Icirrus City, held by wild Sawk and wild Throh
Description GSC Boosts fighting-type moves. (HOLD) RSE A hold item that boosts Fighting-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A belt that boosts determination and Fighting-type moves. Colo A hold item that boosts Fighting-type moves. XD A hold item that boosts Fighting-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a belt that boosts determination and Fighting-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a belt that boosts determination and Fighting-type moves.
Note: Formatted as "Blackbelt" in Generation II.

BlackGlasses くろいメガネ Black Glasses   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Dark-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC Dark Cave RSE Route 116 FRLG Rocket Hideout Colo Chest in The Under Subway XD Held by Shadow Carvanha DPPt Celestic Town HGSS Dark Cave BW Desert Resort B2W2 Castelia City
Description GSC Powers up dark-type moves. (HOLD) RSE A hold item that raises the power of Dark-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A shady-looking pair of glasses that boosts Dark-type moves. Colo A hold item that raises the power of Dark-type moves. XD A hold item that raises the power of Dark-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a shady-looking pair of glasses that boosts Dark-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a shady-looking pair of glasses that boosts Dark-type moves.

Charcoal もくたん Charcoal   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Price: $9800 Sell for: $4900
Effect: Boosts the power of Fire-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC Azalea Town Poké Mart, Azalea Town (charcoal maker's assistant), Ruins of AlphC RSE Lavaridge Town FRLG Rocket Game Corner prize Colo Held by Shadow Quilava XD Held by Shadow Numel DPPt Route 227 HGSS Azalea Town (charcoal maker's assistant), Ruins of Alph PBR Held by Magmortar BW Nacrene City, Route 16 B2W2 Castelia City (×2)
Description GSC Powers up fire-type moves. (HOLD) RSE A hold item that raises the power of Fire-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A combustible fuel that boosts the power of Fire-type moves. Colo A hold item that raises the power of Fire-type moves. XD A hold item that raises the power of Fire-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a combustible fuel that boosts the power of Fire-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a combustible fuel that boosts the power of Fire-type moves.

Dragon Fang りゅうのキバ Dragon Fang   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Dragon-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC Dragon's Den RSE Held by Dragon Tamer Nicholas's Shelgon FRLG Held by wild Dragonair Colo Held by Shadow Vibrava XD Held by Shadow Altaria DPPt Held by wild BagonPPt, Celestic TownPt HGSS Dragon's Den, held by wild Bagon and wild Shelgon BW Dragonspiral Tower, held by wild Bagon and wild Druddigon B2W2 Victory Road, held by wild Druddigon
Description GSC Powers up dragon-type moves. (HOLD) RSE A hold item that raises the power of Dragon-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A hard and sharp fang that boosts the power of Dragon-type moves. Colo A hold item that raises the power of Dragon-type moves. XD A hold item that raises the power of Dragon-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a hard and sharp fang that ups the power of Dragon-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a hard and sharp fang that ups the power of Dragon-type moves.

Hard Stone かたいいし Hard Stone   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Rock-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC Arthur on Route 36Th, wild Larvitar RSE Trick House prize after Puzzle 3 is completed, requires HM06 (Rock Smash), held by wild Aron and wild Lairon FRLG Held by wild Onix and wild Graveler Colo Held by Shadow Sudowoodo XD Held by Shadow Lunatone DPPt The Underground, held by wild Aron, wild Nosepass and wild Corsola, Route 228Pt HGSS Arthur on Route 36Th, Rugged Road, held by wild Aron, wild Lairon, wild Nosepass and wild Corsola BW Mistralton Cave, dust cloud, held by wild Corsola, wild Aron, wild Roggenrola, wild Boldore, wild Dwebble and wild Crustle B2W2 Relic Passage, Join Avenue (Antique Shop)
Description GSC Powers up rock-type moves. (HOLD) RSE A hold item that raises the power of Rock-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. An unbreakable stone that boosts the power of Rock-type moves. Colo A hold item that raises the power of Rock-type moves. XD A hold item that raises the power of Rock-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is an unbreakable stone that ups the power of Rock-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is an unbreakable stone that ups the power of Rock-type moves.

Magnet じしゃく Magnet   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Electric-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC Sunny on Route 37Su RSE Trick House prize FRLG Held by wild Magneton XD Held by Shadow Voltorb DPPt Iron Island HGSS Sunny on Route 37Su BW Chargestone Cave B2W2 Chargestone Cave
Description GSC Boosts electric-type moves. (HOLD) RSE A hold item that boosts Electric-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A powerful magnet that boosts the power of Electric-type moves. Colo A hold item that boosts Electric-type moves. XD A hold item that boosts Electric-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a powerful magnet that boosts the power of Electric-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a powerful magnet that boosts the power of Electric-type moves.
					This item was featured in the TCG.

Metal Coat メタルコート Metal Coat   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Price: $20000* $5000* Sell for: $50* $1* $2500-3250*
Effect: Boosts the power of Steel-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC S.S. Aqua, held by wild Magnemite, held by Maggie (Power Plant)C RSE Held by wild Magnemite and wild Magneton FRLG Memorial Pillar, Trainer Tower prize Colo Held by Shadow Metagross XD Held by Shadow Magneton DPPt Iron Island (from Byron), held by wild Magnemite, wild Steelix, wild Beldum, wild Bronzor and wild Bronzong HGSS S.S. Aqua, held by wild Magnemite, wild Magneton, wild Beldum, wild Metang and wild Bronzor, held by Maggie (Power Plant), Pokéathlon DomeTuFrSa BW Route 13 and Twist Mountain, held by wild Magnemite, wild Metang, wild Metagross and wild Bronzong B2W2 Chargestone Cave, Clay Tunnel, Join Avenue (Antique Shop), Black CityB2 MDRB Southern Cavern Conquest: Traveling merchant
Secondary effect: Causes Onix to evolve into Steelix when traded. Causes Scyther to evolve into Scizor when traded.
Description GSC Powers up steel-type moves. (HOLD) RSE A hold item that raises the power of Steel-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A special metallic film that boosts the power of Steel-type moves. Colo A hold item that raises the power of Steel-type moves. XD A hold item that raises the power of Steel-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a special metallic film that ups the power of Steel-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a special metallic film that ups the power of Steel-type moves. MDRB It enables a certain kind of Pokémon to evolve. Give it to the Pokémon when it's ready to evolve. MDTDS A mysterious substance full of a special filmy metal. It allows certain kinds of Pokémon to evolve. Conquest Enables certain Pokémon to evolve. Improves Steel-type attacks.

Miracle Seed きせきのタネ Miracle Seed   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Grass-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC Route 32 after beating Falkner RSE Petalburg Woods, requires HM01 (Cut) FRLG Rocket Game Corner prize Colo Held by Shadow Bayleef XD Held by Shadow Tangela DPPt Floaroma Meadow, held by wild Cherubi HGSS Route 32 after beating Falkner, held by wild Cherubi BW Nacrene City, Pinwheel Forest, held by wild Maractus and wild Cherrim B2W2 Castelia City (×2), held by wild Maractus
Description GSC Powers up grass-type moves. (HOLD) RSE A hold item that raises the power of Grass>-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A seed imbued with life that boosts the power of Grass-type moves. Colo A hold item that raises the power of Grass>-type moves. XD A hold item that raises the power of Grass-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a seed imbued with life that ups the power of Grass-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a seed imbued with life that ups the power of Grass-type moves.

Mystic Water しんぴのしずく Mysterious Droplet   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Water-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC Cherrygrove City, Ruins of AlphC RSE Weather Institute (held by Castform) FRLG Rocket Game Corner prize Colo Held by Shadow Croconaw XD Held by Shadow Seel DPPt Pastoria City, held by wild Castform HGSS Cherrygrove City, Ruins of Alph BW Nacrene City, Wellspring Cave B2W2 Route 4, Castelia City, held by wild Castform
Description GSC Powers up water-type moves. (HOLD) RSE A hold item that raises the power of Water-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A teardrop-shaped gem that boosts the power of Water-type moves. Colo A hold item that raises the power of Water-type moves. XD A hold item that raises the power of Water-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a teardrop-shaped gem that ups the power of Water-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a teardrop-shaped gem that ups the power of Water-type moves.

NeverMeltIce とけないこおり Never-Melting Ice   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Ice-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC Ice Path RSE Shoal Cave FRLG Icefall Cave, held by wild Dewgong Colo Held by Shadow Delibird XD Held by Shadow Swinub DPPt Snowpoint City, Mt. CoronetPt, held by wild Snover and wild Abomasnow HGSS Ice Path BW Cold Storage, held by wild Cryogonal B2W2 Dragonspiral Tower (winter only)
Description GSC Powers up ice-type moves. RSE A hold item that raises the power of Ice-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A piece of ice that repels heat and boosts Ice-type moves. Colo A hold item that raises the power of Ice-type moves. XD A hold item that raises the power of Ice-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a piece of ice that repels heat and boosts Ice-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a piece of ice that repels heat and boosts Ice-type moves.

Pink Bow ピンクのリボン Pink Ribbon   ITEMS pocket					ONLY IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Normal-type moves by 10% when held.					Locations GSC Tuscany on Route 29Tu, Goldenrod Radio Tower
Description GSC Powers up normal-type moves. (HOLD)

Poison Barb どくバリ Poison Barb   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Poison-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC Frieda on Route 32Fr, held by wild Beedrill RSE Held by wild Cacnea and wild RoseliaRS FRLG Held by wild Arbok Colo Held by Shadow Qwilfish XD Held by Shadow Beedrill DPPt Route 206, held by wild Roselia, wild Budew, wild Tentacool, wild Tentacruel, wild Skorupi, wild Drapion and wild Qwilfish HGSS Frieda on Route 32Fr, held by wild Beedrill, wild Tentacool, wild Tentacruel, wild Qwilfish, wild Roselia, wild Budew and wild Skorupi BW Route 8, held by wild Budew, wild Vespiquen, wild Venipede, wild Whirlipede and wild Beedrill B2W2 Route 22, held by wild Skorupi
Description GSC Powers up poison-type moves. (HOLD) RSE A hold item that raises the power of Poison-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A small, poisonous barb that boosts the power of Poison-type moves. Colo A hold item that raises the power of Poison-type moves. XD A hold item that raises the power of Poison-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a small, poisonous barb that ups the power of Poison-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a small, poisonous barb that ups the power of Poison-type moves.

Polkadot Bow みずたまリボン Polka-dot Ribbon   ITEMS pocket					ONLY IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Normal-type moves by 12.5% when held.					Locations GSC Held by wild Jigglypuff traded from Generation I
Description GSC Powers up normal-type moves. (HOLD)

Sharp Beak するどいくちばし Sharp Beak   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Flying-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC Monica on Route 40Mo, held by wild Fearow RSE Held by wild Doduo and wild Dodrio FRLG Held by wild Fearow and wild Skarmory Colo Held by Shadow Skarmory XD Held by Shadow Spearow DPPt Held by wild Doduo and wild Fearow HGSS Monica on Route 40Mo, held by wild Fearow, wild Doduo and wild Dodrio BW Mistralton City, held by wild Fearow and wild Doduo B2W2 Mistralton City
Description GSC Powers up flying-type moves. (HOLD) RSE A hold item that raises the power of Flying-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A long, sharp beak that boosts the power of Flying-type moves. Colo A hold item that raises the power of Flying-type moves. XD A hold item that raises the power of Flying-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a long, sharp beak that boosts the power of Flying-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a long, sharp beak that boosts the power of Flying-type moves.

Silk Scarf シルクのスカーフ Silk Scarf   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN III		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Normal-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations RSE Dewford Town FRLG Lost Cave Colo Cave in Agate Village XD Held by Shadow Zangoose DPPt Veilstone Game Corner prize HGSS Goldenrod Game Corner prize, Mom BW Route 6 B2W2 Virbank Complex
Description RSE A hold item that raises the power of Normal-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A sumptuous scarf that boosts the power of Normal-type moves. Colo A hold item that raises the power of Normal-type moves. XD A hold item that raises the power of Normal-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a sumptuous scarf that boosts the power of Normal-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a sumptuous scarf that boosts the power of Normal-type moves.

SilverPowder ぎんのこな Silver Powder   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Bug-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC Held by wild Butterfree RSE Held by Bug Maniac BrandonRS or JeffreyE's Masquerain FRLG Held by wild Venomoth Colo Held by Shadow Ariados XD Held by Shadow Venomoth DPPt Route 205 HGSS Held by wild Butterfree and wild Masquerain, Dim Cave BW Pinwheel Forest, held by wild Volcarona and wild Butterfree B2W2 Held by wild Volcarona
Description GSC Powers up bug-type moves. (HOLD) RSE A hold item that raises the power of Bug-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A shiny silver powder that boosts the power of Bug-type moves. Colo A hold item that raises the power of Bug-type moves. XD A hold item that raises the power of Bug-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a shiny, silver powder that ups the power of Bug-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a shiny, silver powder that ups the power of Bug-type moves.

Soft Sand やわらかいすな Soft Sand   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Ground-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC Route 34 RSE Route 109 from a tuber girl on the southeast of the shore, held by wild Trapinch FRLG Held by wild Sandslash Colo Held by Shadow Piloswine XD Held by Shadow Dugtrio DPPt Mt. Coronet, held by wild Diglett, wild Dugtrio and wild Trapinch HGSS Santos in Blackthorn CitySa, held by wild Diglett, wild Dugtrio and wild Trapinch BW Desert Resort, held by wild Stunfisk and wild Trapinch B2W2 Desert Resort, held by wild Stunfisk and wild Trapinch
Description GSC Powers up ground-type moves. (HOLD) RSE A hold item that raises the power of Ground-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A loose, silky sand that boosts the power of Ground-type moves. Colo A hold item that raises the power of Ground-type moves. XD A hold item that raises the power of Ground-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a loose, silky sand that boosts the power of Ground-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a loose, silky sand that boosts the power of Ground-type moves.

Spell Tag のろいのおふだ Cursed O-fuda   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Ghost-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC Santos in Blackthorn CitySa, held by wild Misdreavus RSE Held by wild Duskull, wild Dusclops, wild Shuppet and wild Banette FRLG Held by wild Haunter and wild Misdreavus Colo Held by Shadow Misdreavus XD Held by Shadow Banette DPPt House on Route 217, Lost TowerPt, held by wild Banette HGSS Celadon Condominiums, held by wild Shuppet BW Celestial Tower, held by wild Shuppet, wild Yamask and wild Cofagrigus B2W2 Lentimas Town, Strange House
Description GSC Powers up ghost-type moves. (HOLD) RSE A hold item that raises the power of Ghost-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A sinister, eerie tag that boosts Ghost-type moves. Colo A hold item that raises the power of Ghost-type moves. XD A hold item that raises the power of Ghost-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a sinister, eerie tag that boosts the power of Ghost-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a sinister, eerie tag that boosts the power of Ghost-type moves.

TwistedSpoon まがったスプーン Twisted Spoon   ITEMS pocket					INTRODUCED IN GEN II		Cannot be bought Sell for: $50
Effect: Boosts the power of Psychic-type moves by 20% when held.					Locations GSC Held by wild Kadabra traded from Pokémon Yellow RSE Held by wild Abra FRLG Held by wild Abra and wild Kadabra Colo Held by Shadow Meditite XD Held by Shadow Ralts DPPt Held by wild Abra and wild Kadabra HGSS Tuscany on Route 29Tu, held by wild wild Abra and wild Kadabra BW Dreamyard B2W2 Castelia Sewers
Description GSC Powers up psychic-type moves. (HOLD) RSE A hold item that boosts Psychic-type moves. FRLG An item to be held by a Pokémon. A spoon imbued with telekinetic power boosts Psychic-type moves. Colo A hold item that boosts Psychic-type moves. XD A hold item that boosts Psychic-type moves. DPPt HGSS An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a spoon imbued with telekinetic power that boosts Psychic-type moves. BWB2W2 An item to be held by a Pokémon. It is a spoon imbued with telekinetic power that boosts Psychic-type moves.

Pokémon-specific type-enhancing items

Main article: Timespace orbs

Incenses

Main article: Incense

Plates

Main article: Plate

Gems

Main article: Gem

Artwork

These are artwork of the items as seen in the Pokémon Dream World

	File:Dream BlackGlasses Sprite.png
Black Belt	BlackGlasses	Charcoal	Dragon Fang
Hard Stone	Magnet	Metal Coat	Miracle Seed
	File:Dream NeverMeltIce Sprite.png
Mystic Water	NeverMeltIce	Poison Barb	Sharp Beak
	File:Dream SilverPowder Sprite.png
Silk Scarf	SilverPowder	Soft Sand	Spell Tag
File:Dream TwistedSpoon Sprite.png
TwistedSpoon

In the anime

The first type-enhancing item to be introduced was Charcoal in A Farfetch'd Tale. Though the significance of Charcoal is explained in detail, and Ash and his friends are given Charcoal as a gift, its Fire-enhancing properties are not revealed.

A Mystic Water was the prize for winning at the Whirl Cup.

A Dragon Fang appeared in Beauty is Skin Deep as the treasure of Clair's family, kept in Blackthorn Gym. It is the fang of an ancient dragon Pokémon that terrorised Blackthorn City. The Dragon Fang is part of a ritual with the purpose of bringing peace to all Dragon-type Pokémon. The ritual involves the Blackthorn Gym Leader placing it on a special ceremonial table, then pouring water over it, causing a light dragon to burst out of it and rise into the sky. Legend says that this light dragon becomes a star and watches over all Dragon-type Pokémon. Another Dragon Fang appeared in Showdown At Linoone as one of the items Tokin picked up.

Flannery gave a Charcoal to her Torkoal in Going, Going, Yawn.

A Black Belt and a TwistedSpoon appeared in Climbing the Tower of Success!.

• 

  Charcoal

• 

  Mystic Water

• 

  Dragon Fang

• 

  Stephan with a Black Belt

• 

  Ricky with a TwistedSpoon

In the manga

In the Pokémon Adventures manga

In The Last Battle IV, during the final battle against the Masked Man, Misty, Blaine, and Lt. Surge used a Mystic Water, a Charcoal, and a Magnet to power up the moves of Suicune, Entei, and Raikou, respectively.

Trivia

• In Generation II, there was one item that would power up each type, with the exception of the Normal type, which had both the Pink Bow and Polkadot Bow. In Generation IV, this is reversed, where each type powered up by one of the items as well as by a Plate, except the Normal type.
  • However, some types have even more than this, due to incenses.
  • In Generation V, Gems were added as well, this time including a Normal variety with the other types. Gems, unlike other type-enhancing items, increase damage by 50%, but are consumed after use.
• Charcoal is the only item available for purchase in a regular store. Some other type-enhancing items can be purchased, but only from Game Corners.

Type-enhancing items
Items	Plates	Incenses	Orbs	Gems	Soul Dew

This item article is part of Project ItemDex, a Bulbapedia project that aims to write comprehensive articles on all items.