Cloning

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This article is about the process of genetic duplication. For the glitch, see Cloning glitches.

Cloning is a process that creates a genetic duplicate of a being that is or was alive.

Pokémon basis

Bulbanews
Bulbanews has an article related to this subject:

In an interview with @Gamer magazine, Junichi Masuda and Ken Sugimori revealed that there was originally going to be a Pokémon based on Dolly, the first cloned sheep, but was deemed "too controversial".

Fossils

Aerodactyl being revived from Old Amber in Blaine's lab in Pokémon Adventures

While never officially stated, it is implied that the Pokémon produced from fossils are created via cloning, as even a small trace of DNA (such as the blood inside a mosquito that has been preserved in amber) can produce a living Pokémon. Devon Corporation and Pokémon Lab appear to have independently created the process around the same time. Fossil Pokémon revived through this method start at level 20 (Generations III and IV), 25 (Generation V), or 30 (Generation I).

Cloning in this style also exists in anime, as demonstrated in Putting the Air Back in Aerodactyl!

In the Pokémon Adventures manga, Red uses Blaine's laboratory to revive an Aerodactyl.

In the anime

Some of Mewtwo's cloned Pokémon

Cloning has appeared a few times in the anime. Cloning's most prominent appearance is in the first movie, where Dr. Fuji creates both an enhanced clone of Mew as requested by Giovanni in exchange for funding his primary project, a (failed) attempt to duplicate his dead daughter, and three test clones of the Kanto starter Pokémon. Later in the movie Mewtwo itself makes clones of various Pokémon belonging to the trainers that have come to New Island. All of Mewtwo's clones appear to have been created fully grown, unlike Fuji's clones. All cloned Pokémon (excluding Mewtwo) appear identical to a normal Pokémon of their species, except for multiple black horizontal marks on their bodies.

Mewtwo's clones are also featured in Mewtwo Returns. The clones are revealed to be fertile (even ones of species normally not so), and give birth to offspring who are indistinguishable from normal Pokémon, lacking the tell-tale black markings.