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'''Damage''' is the name for the affliction caused when a [[Pokémon]] uses an offensive [[move]] against the foe. It cuts down the foe's {{stat|Hit Points}} by varying amounts.
{{spading|comment=Research on the zero damage cases other than False Swipe/Hold Back or immunities}}
 
'''Damage''' (Japanese: '''ダメージ''' ''damage'') is a loss of a Pokémon's {{stat|HP}} that happens as the result of a [[special move|special]] or [[physical move|physical]] [[move|attack]] used against it by another Pokémon.


==Damage modification==
==Damage modification==
{{main|Damage modification}}
'''Damage modification''' is a system of multipliers used to change the [[damage]] dealt in a {{pkmn|battle}}. These modifiers affect how the damage is calculated by multiplying the move's [[base power]] in various ways. These modifiers range from doubling to halving and even negating the damage done.
The damage that a move does varies heavily by the stats of the Pokémon as well as by certain items.
 
===Type effectiveness===
Since each move has a [[type]], its '''effectiveness''' (Japanese: '''{{tt|効果|こうか}}''' ''effectiveness'') is largely determined by the targeted Pokémon's type. Moves can have regular effectiveness or be super effective, not very effective, or not effective at all. The effectiveness of types against one another has varied among generations, see [[Type chart|this page]].
 
====Super effective====
:''"Super effective" redirects here. For the webcomic, see [[Super Effective (webcomic)]].''
:''"It's super effective" redirects here. For the podcast, see [[It's Super Effective (podcast)]].''
:''"Weakness" redirects here. For the TCG mechanic, see [[Appendix:Glossary (TCG)#Weakness|Appendix:Glossary (TCG) → Weakness]].''
When a move is '''super effective''' (Japanese: '''{{tt|効果はバツグン|こうかはばつぐん}}''' ''super effective''), it inflicts double the damage it would normally do. For example, a move like {{m|Megahorn}} used against a {{type|Psychic}} Pokémon will be super effective because {{type|Bug}} moves are super effective against Psychic types. This effect can stack up; for example, a Pokémon that is {{t|Rock}}/{{t|Ground}} and is hit by a {{type|Water}} move like {{m|Surf}} will be damaged four times as much by the move as a {{type|Normal}} Pokémon would be, because both Rock and Ground Pokémon are weak to Water moves.
 
====Not very effective====
:''"Resistance" redirects here. For the TCG mechanic, see [[Appendix:Glossary (TCG)#Resistance|Appendix:Glossary (TCG) → Resistance]].''
When a move is '''not very effective''' (Japanese: '''{{tt|効果は今一つ|こうかはいまひとつ}}''' ''not very effective''), or resistant, it deals half of the damage it would normally do. This works exactly like super effective moves, and can stack up. For example, a {{t|Steel}}/{{t|Rock}} Pokémon will be damaged by a quarter of the amount by a {{type|Normal}} move. Likewise, a {{t|Normal}}/{{t|Flying}} Pokémon hit by a {{type|Fighting}} move will be damaged normally, as Normal's weakness to Fighting is canceled out by Flying's resistance to it.
 
====Not effective====
When a move is '''not effective''' (Japanese: '''{{tt|効果がない|こうかがない}}''' ''not effective''), it does not damage the Pokémon at all and that Pokémon is "immune" to all attacks of that type; the move will yield a message of "It doesn't affect ''Pokémon''..." Certain types are also immune to specific [[status move]]s, such as {{type|Ground}} Pokémon being immune to the {{type|Electric}} {{m|Thunder Wave}}, or {{type|Grass}} Pokémon being immune to {{m|Leech Seed}} as well as {{cat|powder and spore moves}}.
 
===Critical hit===
{{main|Critical hit}}
A move will sometimes inflict a '''critical hit''' against another Pokémon. This will increase the damage done by 1.5× (2× prior to Generation VI) prior to type effectiveness calculations.
 
===Same-type attack bonus===
{{main|Same-type attack bonus}}
A move used by a Pokémon that is of the same type as the move itself will do 150% of its normal damage, such as a {{type|Fire}} move used by a Fire-type Pokémon. Dual-type Pokémon will receive this bonus for both of their types, and a Pokémon whose type can change in-battle will receive the bonus for whatever type they are when they make the move. Pokémon with {{a|Adaptability}} have this increased to 200% (an effective boost of ~33.3%).
 
===Weather===
{{main|Weather}}
{{type|Water}} and {{type|Fire}} moves' damage will be modified by [[rain]] and [[intense sunlight]]. During rain, Water-type moves do 50% more damage and Fire-type moves do 50% less damage. During [[intense sunlight]], Fire-type moves do 50% more damage and Water-type moves do 50% less damage.
 
===Abilities===
{{main|Ability}}
Abilities come in a wide variety, and have various effects on damage modification. These effects range from increasing and decreasing the power of moves of a specific [[type]], granting immunities, and even changing the power of moves affected by other damage modifiers. These Abilities include:
 
* {{a|Blaze}}, {{a|Overgrow}}, {{a|Torrent}} and {{a|Swarm}} increase the power of {{type|Fire}}, {{type|Grass}}, {{type|Water}} and {{type|Bug}} moves respectively by 50% when the user's HP falls below 33%.
* {{a|Guts}} will increase the user's Attack by 50% if inflicted with a {{status|burn}}, {{status|paralysis}}, or {{status|poison}}.
* {{a|Thick Fat}} decreases the damage dealt to the user by opponents' Fire-type and Ice-type moves by 50%. {{a|Heatproof}} decreases the damage dealt to the user by opponents' Fire-type moves by 50%.
* {{a|Levitate}} provides immunity to {{type|Ground}} moves and {{a|Soundproof}} provides immunity to {{Cat|sound moves}}.
* {{a|Volt Absorb}} and {{a|Water Absorb}} grant immunity to {{type|Electric}} and {{type|Water}} moves respectively, healing the user's HP by 25% instead.
* {{a|Dry Skin}} works in part like Water Absorb, healing the user when hit with a {{type|Water}} move, but it also heals the user by 6.25% each turn during [[rain]]. However, it also causes the Pokémon to receive additional damage from {{type|Fire}} attacks and lose 6.25% of its HP in damage during {{weather|sun}}shine.
* {{a|Flash Fire}} negates the effect of opponents' Fire-type moves and instead increases the power of the ability's user's own Fire-type attacks. Similarly, {{a|Motor Drive}} negates the effect of opponents' Electric-type moves and instead increases the user's Speed by one stage. These abilities include [[status move]]s like {{m|Will-O-Wisp}} and {{m|Thunder Wave}}.
* {{a|Mold Breaker}}, {{a|Teravolt}}, and {{a|Turboblaze}} remove all ability-based immunities to the user's moves.
* {{a|Scrappy}} allows the user to hit {{type|Ghost}}s with {{type|Normal}} and {{type|Fighting}} damage-dealing moves.
* {{a|Adaptability}} increases the STAB multiplier for moves of the same type as the user from 1.5× to 2×.
* {{a|Hustle}} boosts the Attack stat of the user by 50%.
* {{a|Pure Power}} and {{a|Huge Power}} both double the user's Attack stat.
* {{a|Technician}} increases the power of the user's moves with base power 60 or less by 50%.
* {{a|Super Luck}} increases the user's critical hit ratio.
* {{a|Battle Armor}} and {{a|Shell Armor}} prevent critical hits being dealt to the user.
* {{a|Sniper}} increases the damage of a user's critical hits by 50%.
* {{a|Tinted Lens}} doubles the power of the user's moves that are not very effective.
* {{a|Solid Rock}} and {{a|Filter}} each reduce the power of super effective moves on the user by 25%.
* {{a|Wonder Guard}} gives the user immunity to all attacking moves that are not super effective.
* {{a|Iron Fist}} increases the damage of punching moves by 20%.
* {{a|Mega Launcher}} increases the damage of aura and pulse moves by 50%.
* The moves {{m|Storm Throw}} and {{m|Frost Breath}} can cancel out the 50% damage if used on certain types due to the moves always resulting in a critical hit, and can cause 4×, 6× or 12× multipliers if used on other types.
 
===Items===
:''See also: [[Type-enhancing item]]''
Some [[held item]]s increase the power of an attack by a small percentage. Most of these items boost attacks [[type-enhancing item|only of a certain type]] by 20%. Some [[stat-enhancing item|items]] can also modify damage by boosting the attacker's offensive stats or the victim's defensive stats. Some [[Berry#Generation IV|Berries]] also weaken an opponent's super-effective move.
 
Other held items that modify damage include:
* {{DL|In-battle effect item|Muscle Band}} boosts [[physical move]]s by 10%
* {{DL|In-battle effect item|Wise Glasses}} boost [[special move]]s by 10%
* {{DL|In-battle effect item|Expert Belt}} boosts super-effective attacks by 20%
* {{DL|In-battle effect item|Life Orb}} boosts the power of all attacks by 30% (at a cost of 10% HP per damaging move used)
* {{DL|In-battle effect item|Metronome}} boosts the power of moves used repeatedly
 
===Other===
A number of other variables can affect the amount of damage caused by an attack.
 
* If the attacker is {{status|burned}} and their Ability is not {{a|Guts}}, their [[physical move|physical damage]] will be decreased by half.
* In a [[Double Battle]], moves that hit multiple targets do 75% of the damage they do in one-on-one battles.
* {{m|Reflect}} and {{m|Light Screen}} decrease opponents' physical and special attacks, respectively, by 50% in a one-on-one battle and 33% in a Double Battle.
 
====Randomization adjustment====
Every time a regular attack is executed, the actual damage caused is adjusted by a random multiplier - an integer percentage between 85% and 100%.
 
In [[Generation]]s {{gen|I}} and {{gen|II}}, the random modifier does not have uniform probability for all percentages between 85 and 100. This is because the computer will generate a random number from 217 to 255 (217 is about 85.10% of 255), multiply it by 100, and then divide it by 255, to get the random number from 85 to 100 that the computer will divide by 100 to get the final adjustment.
 
As a result, the odd numbers from 85 to 89 and the even numbers from 90 to 98 have a 7.69% (3 in 39) probability of being chosen, while the even numbers from 86 to 88 and the odd numbers from 91 to 99 have a 5.13% (2 in 39) probability of being chosen. The number 100, the least probable number, has a mere 2.56% (1 in 39) chance of being chosen.
 
In all subsequent games, the random adjustment is determined by generating a 4 bit number (0 through 15). The computer then subtracts it from 100, and then divides the result by 100 to get the final adjustment. This results in the same integer percentage between 85% and 100%, with an even distribution of occurrence.
 
==Damage formula==
The damage dealt when a Pokémon uses a damaging move depends on its Attack or Special Attack [[Stats|stat]], the opponent's corresponding Defense or Special Defense stat, and the move's base power. In addition, the various factors of [[damage modification]] will also affect the damage dealt.
 
The damage formula is
 
<!-- That above text is invalid as of June 26, 2010. The new formula text is as below:
<math>
Damage = \left ( \frac{2 \times Level + 10}{250} \times \frac{Attack}{Defense} + 2 \right ) \times Modifier
\\
Modifier = STAB \times Type \times other \times \frac{\left ( 100 - (rand \in [0, 15]) \right )}{100}
</math>
-->
[[File:DamageCalc.png]]
 
where
 
* ''Level'' is the level of the attacking Pokémon.
* ''Attack'' and ''Defense'' are the working Attack and Defense stats of the attacking and defending Pokémon, respectively. If the attack is Special, the Special Attack and Special Defense stats are used instead. Some moves like {{m|Psystrike}} use stats other than what moves of this category would usually use (in case of Psystrike, it uses Special Attack and Defense).
* ''Base'' is the base power of the attack.
 
and ''Modifier'' is
 
[[File:ModifierCalc.png]]
 
where
 
* ''STAB'' is the [[same-type attack bonus]]. This is equal to 1.5 if the attack is of the same type as the user, and 1 if otherwise.
* ''Type'' is the type effectiveness. This can be either 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 depending on the type of attack and the type of the defending Pokémon.
* ''Critical'' is 2 for a critical hit in Generations I-V, 1.5 for a critical hit in Generation VI, and 1 otherwise.
* ''other'' counts for things like [[held item]]s, {{Abilities}}, field advantages, and whether the battle is a [[Double Battle]] or [[Triple Battle]] or not.
* ''random'' is a random number from 0.85 to 1.00.
 
The result is rounded down as remainders are not kept. It is possible to do zero damage [http://www.youtube.com/watch?&v=qPPTz0sDZzU].
 
=====Example=====
Imagine a [[level]] 75 {{p|Glaceon}} that has the following [[stats]]:
 
''HP:'' 201<br>
''Attack:'' 123<br>
''Defense:'' 181
 
It uses the move {{m|Ice Fang}} ({{t|Ice}}, physical, base power 65) against a level 78 {{p|Garchomp}}:
 
''HP:'' 270<br>
''Attack:'' 210<br>
''Defense:'' 163
 
Garchomp is {{t|Dragon}}/{{t|Ground}}, so it has a double weakness to {{t|Ice}}. Thus, ''Type'' = 4. Additionally, Glaceon, being an Ice-type, receives {{STAB}}, so ''STAB'' = 1.5.
 
[[File:ModifierCalcExample.png]]
 
We then plug ''Modifier'' into the rest of the formula:
 
[[File:DamageCalcExample1.png]]
:[[File:DamageCalcExample2.png]]
 
So depending on luck, {{p|Glaceon}} will do damage in the range 170-200 HP. Despite {{p|Garchomp}}'s double weakness to {{t|Ice}}, Glaceon's {{m|Ice Fang}} will not defeat it in a single hit.
 
Garchomp is up next. Garchomp gets a critical hit (''Critical'' = 2) on Earthquake, a physical {{t|Ground}} move with 100 base power. With its Ice type, Glaceon is neither weak nor resistant to Garchomp's attack, so ''Type'' = 1. Garchomp is Dragon/'''Ground''', so it receives STAB, making ''STAB'' = 1.5. Say that Garchomp is also holding an Earth Plate, which powers up Ground-type moves by 20%. Then ''Other'' = 1.2.


Stats can be adjusted using in-battle stat enhancers, such as {{DL|Battle item|X Attack}} and {{DL|Battle item|X Defend}}, or moves, such as {{m|Swords Dance}} or {{m|Acid Armor}}.
[[File:ModifierCalcExample2.png]]


The [[type]] of an attack can also be a factor. Certain types of attacks are either "super effective" or "not very effective" against a Pokémon of another type. A full table of these effectiveness variables is given in the [[type chart]].
We insert the stats and ''Modifier'' in the formula and get:


Many [[held item]]s and [[berry|Berries]] can increase or decrease damage inflicted. For example, the {{DL|Type-enhancing item|NeverMeltIce}} will boost {{type|Ice}} moves by 20% in [[Generation III]] onward, but only by 10% in [[Generation II]].
[[File:DamageCalcExample3.png]]
:[[File:DamageCalcExample4.png]]


Some moves, such as {{m|Grass Knot}} or {{m|Night Shade}}, depend on other factors. There are also [[One-hit knockout move|one-hit KO moves]] like {{m|Sheer Cold}} that will do the maximum amount of damage and knock the opponent out in one hit.
We see that Garchomp's attack will do anywhere from 241 to 284 damage, which is more than enough to take the Glaceon out in one hit.


==Links==
==Links==
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[[it:Danno]]
[[zh:伤害]]

Revision as of 05:22, 17 July 2015

013Weedle.png This page is in need of spading. See its section on the spading page for more information, and how you can help.
Research on the zero damage cases other than False Swipe/Hold Back or immunities


Damage (Japanese: ダメージ damage) is a loss of a Pokémon's HP that happens as the result of a special or physical attack used against it by another Pokémon.

Damage modification

Damage modification is a system of multipliers used to change the damage dealt in a battle. These modifiers affect how the damage is calculated by multiplying the move's base power in various ways. These modifiers range from doubling to halving and even negating the damage done.

Type effectiveness

Since each move has a type, its effectiveness (Japanese: 効果 effectiveness) is largely determined by the targeted Pokémon's type. Moves can have regular effectiveness or be super effective, not very effective, or not effective at all. The effectiveness of types against one another has varied among generations, see this page.

Super effective

"Super effective" redirects here. For the webcomic, see Super Effective (webcomic).
"It's super effective" redirects here. For the podcast, see It's Super Effective (podcast).
"Weakness" redirects here. For the TCG mechanic, see Appendix:Glossary (TCG) → Weakness.

When a move is super effective (Japanese: 効果はバツグン super effective), it inflicts double the damage it would normally do. For example, a move like Megahorn used against a Psychic-type Pokémon will be super effective because Bug-type moves are super effective against Psychic types. This effect can stack up; for example, a Pokémon that is Rock/Ground and is hit by a Water-type move like Surf will be damaged four times as much by the move as a Normal-type Pokémon would be, because both Rock and Ground Pokémon are weak to Water moves.

Not very effective

"Resistance" redirects here. For the TCG mechanic, see Appendix:Glossary (TCG) → Resistance.

When a move is not very effective (Japanese: 効果は今一つ not very effective), or resistant, it deals half of the damage it would normally do. This works exactly like super effective moves, and can stack up. For example, a Steel/Rock Pokémon will be damaged by a quarter of the amount by a Normal-type move. Likewise, a Normal/Flying Pokémon hit by a Fighting-type move will be damaged normally, as Normal's weakness to Fighting is canceled out by Flying's resistance to it.

Not effective

When a move is not effective (Japanese: 効果がない not effective), it does not damage the Pokémon at all and that Pokémon is "immune" to all attacks of that type; the move will yield a message of "It doesn't affect Pokémon..." Certain types are also immune to specific status moves, such as Ground-type Pokémon being immune to the Electric-type Thunder Wave, or Grass-type Pokémon being immune to Leech Seed as well as powder and spore moves.

Critical hit

Main article: Critical hit

A move will sometimes inflict a critical hit against another Pokémon. This will increase the damage done by 1.5× (2× prior to Generation VI) prior to type effectiveness calculations.

Same-type attack bonus

Main article: Same-type attack bonus

A move used by a Pokémon that is of the same type as the move itself will do 150% of its normal damage, such as a Fire-type move used by a Fire-type Pokémon. Dual-type Pokémon will receive this bonus for both of their types, and a Pokémon whose type can change in-battle will receive the bonus for whatever type they are when they make the move. Pokémon with Adaptability have this increased to 200% (an effective boost of ~33.3%).

Weather

Main article: Weather

Water-type and Fire-type moves' damage will be modified by rain and intense sunlight. During rain, Water-type moves do 50% more damage and Fire-type moves do 50% less damage. During intense sunlight, Fire-type moves do 50% more damage and Water-type moves do 50% less damage.

Abilities

Main article: Ability

Abilities come in a wide variety, and have various effects on damage modification. These effects range from increasing and decreasing the power of moves of a specific type, granting immunities, and even changing the power of moves affected by other damage modifiers. These Abilities include:

Items

See also: Type-enhancing item

Some held items increase the power of an attack by a small percentage. Most of these items boost attacks only of a certain type by 20%. Some items can also modify damage by boosting the attacker's offensive stats or the victim's defensive stats. Some Berries also weaken an opponent's super-effective move.

Other held items that modify damage include:

Other

A number of other variables can affect the amount of damage caused by an attack.

  • If the attacker is burned and their Ability is not Guts, their physical damage will be decreased by half.
  • In a Double Battle, moves that hit multiple targets do 75% of the damage they do in one-on-one battles.
  • Reflect and Light Screen decrease opponents' physical and special attacks, respectively, by 50% in a one-on-one battle and 33% in a Double Battle.

Randomization adjustment

Every time a regular attack is executed, the actual damage caused is adjusted by a random multiplier - an integer percentage between 85% and 100%.

In Generations I and II, the random modifier does not have uniform probability for all percentages between 85 and 100. This is because the computer will generate a random number from 217 to 255 (217 is about 85.10% of 255), multiply it by 100, and then divide it by 255, to get the random number from 85 to 100 that the computer will divide by 100 to get the final adjustment.

As a result, the odd numbers from 85 to 89 and the even numbers from 90 to 98 have a 7.69% (3 in 39) probability of being chosen, while the even numbers from 86 to 88 and the odd numbers from 91 to 99 have a 5.13% (2 in 39) probability of being chosen. The number 100, the least probable number, has a mere 2.56% (1 in 39) chance of being chosen.

In all subsequent games, the random adjustment is determined by generating a 4 bit number (0 through 15). The computer then subtracts it from 100, and then divides the result by 100 to get the final adjustment. This results in the same integer percentage between 85% and 100%, with an even distribution of occurrence.

Damage formula

The damage dealt when a Pokémon uses a damaging move depends on its Attack or Special Attack stat, the opponent's corresponding Defense or Special Defense stat, and the move's base power. In addition, the various factors of damage modification will also affect the damage dealt.

The damage formula is

File:DamageCalc.png

where

  • Level is the level of the attacking Pokémon.
  • Attack and Defense are the working Attack and Defense stats of the attacking and defending Pokémon, respectively. If the attack is Special, the Special Attack and Special Defense stats are used instead. Some moves like Psystrike use stats other than what moves of this category would usually use (in case of Psystrike, it uses Special Attack and Defense).
  • Base is the base power of the attack.

and Modifier is

File:ModifierCalc.png

where

  • STAB is the same-type attack bonus. This is equal to 1.5 if the attack is of the same type as the user, and 1 if otherwise.
  • Type is the type effectiveness. This can be either 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 depending on the type of attack and the type of the defending Pokémon.
  • Critical is 2 for a critical hit in Generations I-V, 1.5 for a critical hit in Generation VI, and 1 otherwise.
  • other counts for things like held items, Abilities, field advantages, and whether the battle is a Double Battle or Triple Battle or not.
  • random is a random number from 0.85 to 1.00.

The result is rounded down as remainders are not kept. It is possible to do zero damage [1].

Example

Imagine a level 75 Glaceon that has the following stats:

HP: 201
Attack: 123
Defense: 181

It uses the move Ice Fang (Ice, physical, base power 65) against a level 78 Garchomp:

HP: 270
Attack: 210
Defense: 163

Garchomp is Dragon/Ground, so it has a double weakness to Ice. Thus, Type = 4. Additionally, Glaceon, being an Ice-type, receives STAB, so STAB = 1.5.

File:ModifierCalcExample.png

We then plug Modifier into the rest of the formula:

File:DamageCalcExample1.png

File:DamageCalcExample2.png

So depending on luck, Glaceon will do damage in the range 170-200 HP. Despite Garchomp's double weakness to Ice, Glaceon's Ice Fang will not defeat it in a single hit.

Garchomp is up next. Garchomp gets a critical hit (Critical = 2) on Earthquake, a physical Ground move with 100 base power. With its Ice type, Glaceon is neither weak nor resistant to Garchomp's attack, so Type = 1. Garchomp is Dragon/Ground, so it receives STAB, making STAB = 1.5. Say that Garchomp is also holding an Earth Plate, which powers up Ground-type moves by 20%. Then Other = 1.2.

File:ModifierCalcExample2.png

We insert the stats and Modifier in the formula and get:

File:DamageCalcExample3.png

File:DamageCalcExample4.png

We see that Garchomp's attack will do anywhere from 241 to 284 damage, which is more than enough to take the Glaceon out in one hit.

Links

Project Games logo.png This game mechanic article is part of Project Games, a Bulbapedia project that aims to write comprehensive articles on the Pokémon games.
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